Glossary
We have gathered the commonly used concepts of the ERP world with plain, accurate definitions. Each term reads on its own; related ones link to Qera module pages.
ERP is enterprise software that unifies a company’s core processes — finance, production, procurement, inventory, sales and human resources — on a single database and a shared software backbone. The goal is to eliminate disconnected spreadsheets across departments and create one consistent source of truth.
Qera ERPMRP is a method that calculates which raw materials and semi-finished goods are needed, in what quantity and when, based on the production plan and sales forecasts. Taking bills of materials, current stock and lead times into account, it suggests purchase and production orders.
MRP moduleS&OP is a tactical planning process that regularly balances demand forecasts with production, inventory and supply capacity. By aligning sales, finance and operations teams on a shared plan, it aims to anticipate supply-demand imbalances.
Operations Planning (S&OP)A BOM is a structured record listing the raw materials, semi-finished goods and components — with their quantities — required to manufacture a product. It is the basic input for production planning, costing and MRP calculations.
Production PlanningMES is a system that monitors and manages production on the shop floor in real time. By collecting data such as work orders, machine states, downtime and quantities produced, it makes the gap between planned and actual production visible.
Shop-Floor Data & MESOEE is an indicator measuring how efficiently a machine or line is used, formed from the product of three components: availability, performance and quality. It summarizes the impact of stoppages, slowdowns and defective output in a single ratio.
Shop-Floor Data & MESWMS is a system that manages goods receipt, put-away, picking, counting and dispatch within the warehouse. Through bin addresses, lot and serial tracking and handheld-terminal integration, it aims to improve stock accuracy and warehouse efficiency.
Inventory & Warehouse (WMS)Lot traceability is the ability to track a product batch forwards and backwards by recording every stage from raw material to dispatch. It is critical for quality, recalls and regulatory compliance in sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
Quality moduleEAM is an approach that manages the full lifecycle of physical assets such as machines, plants and equipment — including maintenance planning, fault records and costs. Through planned and predictive maintenance, it aims to reduce unexpected downtime and extend asset life.
Maintenance & Asset Mgmt (EAM)Three-way matching is comparing a supplier invoice against the purchase order and the goods receipt (delivery note) before it is paid. When quantity and amount agree across these three documents, the invoice is approved; this control helps prevent incorrect and unauthorized payments.
Procurement moduleAn RFQ is a structured request a buyer sends to multiple suppliers to ask for price and terms for specific goods or services. By enabling quotes to be compared against the same criteria, it makes the procurement decision more transparent.
Supplier Portal (SRM)SRM is the systematic management of relationships with suppliers — including evaluation, ordering, reconciliation and performance tracking. It is often supported by a portal through which suppliers participate directly in order and invoice processes.
Supplier Portal (SRM)Consignment is a supply model in which ownership of goods remains with the seller while they are held in the buyer’s warehouse or shelf, and invoiced only when used or sold. It distributes both inventory cost and sales risk differently between the parties.
Inventory & Warehouse (WMS)An accounts (AR/AP) ledger is the account in which a business continuously tracks the debit and credit movements between itself and a party such as a customer or supplier. Its balance shows the party’s current net debtor or creditor position.
Accounts (AR/AP)Consolidation is combining the financial statements of several companies within a holding or group into a single integrated statement, with intercompany transactions eliminated. It aims to present the group’s true financial position in one view.
Group ConsolidationDepreciation is the allocation of the cost arising from acquiring a fixed asset as an expense over its useful life. In this way, the asset’s loss in value is reflected in the financial statements of the periods to which it belongs.
Fixed AssetsVAT is an indirect tax levied on the value added at every stage of goods and services, from production to consumption. Businesses report the difference between the VAT they charge and the VAT they can deduct to the tax authority through periodic returns.
E-TransformationIFRS is a body of internationally accepted standards for the preparation and presentation of financial statements. The goal is to make the financial statements of businesses in different countries comparable and transparent.
Accounting moduleAn e-invoice has the same legal status as a paper invoice but is issued electronically and stored according to defined standards. It is usually transmitted between registered users through an official system, reducing manual data entry.
E-TransformationAn e-dispatch note is the electronic equivalent of the paper dispatch note issued when goods are shipped. By documenting and tracking the shipment electronically, it digitizes logistics processes.
E-TransformationAn e-ledger is the keeping and storing of statutory accounting books such as the journal and general ledger in a defined electronic format. It moves the printing and certification of paper books into the electronic environment.
Accounting moduleCBAM (known locally in Türkiye as SKDM) is a regulation requiring the reporting and pricing of carbon emissions arising in the production of certain goods imported into the European Union. For exporting businesses, it requires the carbon footprint to be calculated and documented per product.
Sustainability & Carbon (CBAM)KVKK is Türkiye’s law setting the rules for the processing, storage and transfer of personal data, broadly equivalent to the EU’s GDPR. It imposes obligations on businesses regarding data security, disclosure and respect for the rights of data subjects.
Trust & ComplianceGDPR is the European Union’s comprehensive regulation on the protection of personal data. For organizations processing the data of people in the EU, it defines obligations such as transparency, consent and data security regardless of geographic location.
Trust & ComplianceCRM is an approach that manages a business’s relationships with prospective and existing customers — communication history, opportunities and the sales process — in one place. It lets sales, marketing and service teams share the same customer view.
CRM moduleBPM is the discipline of designing, automating and continuously improving an organization’s business processes. By binding steps such as approval flows and task assignments to rules, it aims to keep processes consistent and traceable.
Workflow / BPMAn SLA is an agreement between a service provider and a customer defining the quality and performance levels of the service to be delivered (for example response or resolution times). By tying expectations to measurable targets, it provides a reference for both parties.
Trust & ComplianceBusiness intelligence is an approach that turns raw business data into decision-supporting information through dashboards, reports and analyses. By visualizing scattered data, it enables trends and deviations to be noticed quickly.
Business Intelligence moduleLow-code is an approach that lets applications be built largely with visual tools and ready-made components, writing as little hand-coded software as possible. It makes it possible to create forms, flows and screens faster according to business needs.
CFM (low-code)OCR is a technology that converts the text in scanned documents or images into machine-readable text. It is used to automatically transfer data from documents such as invoices and forms into systems.
Document Management (DMS/EDMS)An API is a defined interface that lets two software systems share data and functionality with each other. It enables different applications to integrate over a standard language and exchange information automatically.
IntegrationsSSO is an authentication method that lets users access multiple applications with a single set of credentials, without logging into each separately. It both simplifies the user experience and centralizes the security of password management.
Trust & ComplianceIoT is the technology field referring to sensors and devices collecting and sharing data over the internet. In manufacturing, transferring machine and shop-floor data to systems in real time enables monitoring and automation.
IoT moduleLet's plan together how to unify your business processes on a single backbone with Qera ERP.
